1. What is Liquid Velocity?

Liquid velocity refers to the speed at which a fluid flows through a given cross-sectional area. It is a fundamental parameter in fluid dynamics and hydraulic engineering, representing how fast the fluid particles are moving through a pipe, channel, or other conduit.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the velocity formula:

Where:

• \( v \) — Velocity (m/s)
• \( Q \) — Flow rate (m³/s)
• \( A \) — Cross-sectional area (m²)

Explanation: The velocity is calculated by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional area through which the fluid is flowing.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Calculating liquid velocity is essential for designing piping systems, determining pump requirements, analyzing flow characteristics, and ensuring efficient fluid transport in various engineering applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow rate in cubic meters per second (m³/s) and cross-sectional area in square meters (m²). Both values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What units should I use for flow rate and area?
A: The calculator uses SI units: flow rate in m³/s and area in m². For other units, convert to these standard units before calculation.

Q2: Can this calculator be used for gases as well as liquids?
A: Yes, the formula v = Q/A applies to both liquids and gases, as long as the flow is incompressible or nearly so.

Q3: What is a typical velocity range for water in pipes?
A: Typical water velocities in pipes range from 0.5-3 m/s for economical design, with higher velocities potentially causing erosion and lower velocities risking sedimentation.

Q4: How does pipe diameter affect velocity?
A: For a constant flow rate, velocity increases as pipe diameter decreases, following the inverse relationship with cross-sectional area.

Q5: What if I have a circular pipe?
A: For circular pipes, calculate area using A = π × (diameter/2)², then use that area value in the calculator.