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Modulus of Elasticity Formula:
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The Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus) is a measure of a material's stiffness or resistance to elastic deformation under stress. It quantifies the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in the elastic region of a material.
The calculator uses the fundamental formula:
Where:
Explanation: The modulus represents the slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region where the material returns to its original shape after the load is removed.
Details: This property is crucial in material science and engineering for predicting how materials will deform under various loads, designing structures, selecting appropriate materials for specific applications, and ensuring safety and reliability in engineering projects.
Tips: Enter stress in Pascals (Pa) and strain as a dimensionless value. Both values must be positive numbers. Strain is typically a very small value (e.g., 0.001-0.01 for most materials).
Q1: What are typical modulus values for common materials?
A: Steel: ~200 GPa, Aluminum: ~70 GPa, Concrete: ~30 GPa, Rubber: ~0.01-0.1 GPa, Wood: ~10 GPa (varies by type and direction).
Q2: How does temperature affect modulus of elasticity?
A: Generally, modulus decreases with increasing temperature as atomic bonds weaken and materials become less stiff at higher temperatures.
Q3: What's the difference between elastic and plastic deformation?
A: Elastic deformation is reversible (material returns to original shape), while plastic deformation is permanent and occurs beyond the yield point.
Q4: Can modulus be negative?
A: No, modulus of elasticity is always positive as it represents the ratio of two positive quantities (stress and strain in tension).
Q5: How is modulus used in structural design?
A: Engineers use modulus to calculate deflections, determine load-bearing capacity, predict material behavior under stress, and ensure structures meet safety standards.